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Advantages and disadvantages of socket welding fittings
2025-01-20
Advantages
1. Pipes do not need to be beveled during welding preparation.
2. Temporary tack welding is not required during alignment, as the fittings can ensure correct alignment in principle.
3. Weld metal cannot penetrate the pipe bore.
4. They can replace threaded fittings, thus significantly reducing the risk of leakage.
5. Radiography of fillet welds is impractical; therefore, correct assembly and welding are crucial. Fillet welds can be inspected by surface inspection, magnetic particle (MP), or liquid penetrant (PT) testing methods.
6. Due to the lack of strict assembly requirements, the special processing of butt weld end preparation is also eliminated, so the construction cost is lower than that of butt welds.
Disadvantages
1. Welders should ensure an expansion gap of 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) between the exhaust pipe and the socket shoulder.
ASME B31.1 Sec. 127.3 Welding Preparation (E) Socket Weld Assembly Instructions:
When assembling the joint before welding, the pipe or tube should be inserted into the socket to the maximum depth, and then withdrawn approximately 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) from the contact point between the pipe end and the socket shoulder.
2. The expansion gap and internal crevices left in socket weld systems promote corrosion, making them less suitable for corrosive or radioactive applications, as solid buildup at the joint may cause operational or maintenance problems. Full penetration to the inside of the pipe is usually required for all pipe sizes in butt welds.
3. Socket welding is not suitable for ultra-high hydrostatic pressure (UHP) in food industry applications, as they do not allow full penetration and leave overlaps and crevices that are difficult to clean, resulting in virtual leaks.
The purpose of the bottom gap in socket welding is usually to reduce residual stresses at the weld root that may occur during the solidification of the weld metal and to allow for differential expansion of the mating components.
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